Which species are known to be susceptible to West Nile Virus?

The correct answer highlights the species that are notably susceptible to West Nile Virus, particularly emphasizing humans, birds, and horses. West Nile Virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites and can affect various hosts. Among these, birds are considered the main reservoir species, as they can become infected and harbor the virus without obvious symptoms, making them key players in its transmission cycle.

Horses are highly susceptible to the virus and can develop severe neurological disease as a result of infection. Vaccines are available for horses to help protect them against West Nile Virus. While humans can also be infected with the virus, most cases are mild and asymptomatic; however, in some instances, it can lead to serious complications, particularly in older adults or individuals with compromised immune systems.

The other choices do not accurately represent the known susceptibility to West Nile Virus. While all mammals might have some level of susceptibility, the focus on specific species like birds, horses, and humans provides a clearer understanding of transmission dynamics and public health concerns associated with this virus. Therefore, highlighting the correct species offers valuable insights into the epidemiology of West Nile Virus.