Which of the following minerals works with Vitamin E to protect cellular membranes from peroxides?

Selenium is critical for protecting cellular membranes from oxidative damage caused by peroxides, primarily in conjunction with Vitamin E. This mineral plays an essential role in the function of glutathione peroxidase, an important antioxidant enzyme in the body. Glutathione peroxidase helps to neutralize hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides, which, if left unchecked, can damage cellular membranes and lead to cell dysfunction or death.

Selenium and Vitamin E work synergistically to combat oxidative stress. Vitamin E, as a fat-soluble antioxidant, protects the lipid components of cell membranes from oxidation. When lipid peroxides are formed, selenium-dependent enzymes can convert these harmful compounds into less toxic substances, thereby helping to maintain the integrity and function of cellular membranes. This protective mechanism is particularly vital in tissues with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, which are more susceptible to lipid peroxidation.

In contrast, the other minerals listed—iodine, iron, and calcium—do not have the same direct role in antioxidant protection involving Vitamin E and peroxides. Iodine primarily functions in thyroid hormone synthesis, iron is crucial for oxygen transport and energy metabolism but can contribute to oxidative stress if not regulated, and calcium plays a significant role in various