Which disease in horses is caused by a neurotoxin from Clostridium tetani?

Tetanus is the disease caused by a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This neurotoxin affects the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as muscle stiffness and spasms, which can become severe and potentially fatal if not treated. Clostridium tetani is commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and feces, and the bacteria enter the horse's body typically through wounds.

The correct identification of tetanus is significant in horse management because it emphasizes the importance of vaccination. Horses are susceptible to tetanus, but vaccination can effectively prevent the disease. In contrast, the other diseases listed have different causes and clinical signs. Botulism is related to a different bacterium, Clostridium botulinum, which produces a toxin that can cause paralysis; equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a viral infection affecting respiratory and reproductive systems; and strangles is a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus equi that primarily affects the respiratory system and is characterized by swelling of lymph nodes. Understanding the distinction between these diseases is crucial for proper diagnosis and management in equine health.