What is the primary function of saliva in horses?

The primary function of saliva in horses is to moisten food for mastication. Horses do not have upper incisors, which means they rely heavily on grinding motions with their molars to break down food. Saliva plays a critical role in this process as it not only helps to soften and moisten the feed, facilitating easier chewing, but it also aids in forming a bolus that can be swallowed more easily. This moistening action enhances the mechanical digestion of feed in the mouth before it moves on to the digestive system.

In addition to this basic function, saliva contains enzymes and bicarbonates that contribute to the overall digestive process, but its main job is to prepare food for proper chewing and swallowing. This is vital in a horse’s diet, which typically consists of coarse fibrous material like hay and grass that requires substantial mastication for effective digestion.