What is the primary cause of pneumovagina in horses?

Pneumovagina, also known as "windsucking," primarily arises from poor perineal conformation, which refers to the physical structure and shape of the perineal region in mares. This condition occurs when the vulvar lips are not well-aligned or there is laxity in the pelvic muscles, leading to an abnormal opening. As a result, air can enter the vagina and potentially lead to respiratory complications or infections.

While infection can be a consequence of pneumovagina, the fundamental issue starts with the anatomical predisposition. Poor perineal conformation can be congenital or develop over time, making it essential to recognize that the structure of the mare's anatomy plays the primary role in the development of this condition. Other factors, such as genetic influences and age-related changes, may contribute to the severity of the condition or the mare's overall health, but they are not the primary cause of pneumovagina itself. Understanding this distinction is vital for effective prevention and treatment strategies in equine management.