A disease caused by a virus that enters the body from the bite of an infected dog or wild animal is known as what?

Rabies is a viral disease that specifically affects the central nervous system and is predominantly transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal, typically through bites. This zoonotic disease is most commonly associated with wild animals like bats, raccoons, and foxes, as well as domestic animals like dogs. Once the virus enters the body, it travels along nerves to the brain and can be fatal once symptoms appear.

The other options relate to different diseases: Distemper is primarily a disease of dogs caused by the Canine Distemper Virus and is not transmitted through bites but via airborne exposure or contact with bodily fluids. Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by virus strains that primarily affect birds and mammals, and does not pertain to transmission through animal bites. Equine Encephalitis is a viral disease that affects horses and is often transmitted by mosquitoes, rather than through bites from an infected animal. Thus, the connection of rabies specifically to bites from infected animals makes it the correct answer.